The development of prose style in English horse manuals:Interpreting stylometric findings

This paper explores data-driven, stylometric methodologies in order tosee whether their findings would reflect stylistic developments from Early Modern English to the present day, on the basis of a small corpus of 13 texts representing the same register (horse manuals) and the same topic (feeding a horse) from 1565 to 2009. The corpus was POS-tagged, and then stripped of its lexical material, leaving only the tags. Sequences of tags were then input to a correspondence analysis and subjected to a procedure to create an association plot. Interpreting the results is a particular challenge of data-driven methods, which requires a mixture of quantitative and qualitative analysis, and differently-sized samples. The assumption that the results would not be driven by syntactic change was confirmed,so that the chronological progression that emerged in the data had to be explained by changing styles. Horse manuals contain at least two text types, to varying degrees: instructional/procedural “cookery book” writing and the logicalargumentative text type of scientific writing. The latter has been known to exhibit higher frequencies of passivization and a more nominal style (Halliday 2004); this is also evident in these texts. The data further suggest that the flow of given to new information is not adhered to as strictly in the earlier texts than in the later texts; in the earlier texts, pronouns are found more frequently in end-focus position, and the strategy of using the by-phrase of the “long passive” to manoeuvre a new agent into end-focus position is only found in the later texts

Visualizing the development of prose styles in Horse Manuals from Early Modern English to Present-Day English

This paper offers a data-driven analysis of the development of English prose styles in a single genre (instructive writing) dealing with a single topic (the correct way of feeding a horse) in 13 texts with publication dates ranging between 1565 to 2009. The texts are subjected to three investigations that offer visualizations of the findings: (i) a correspondence analysis of POS-tag trigrams; (ii) an association plot analysis; (iii) hierarchical clustering (dendrograms). As the period selected – Early Modern English to Present-Day English – does not involve any major changes in English syntax, we expect to find developments that are predominantly stylistic

Special Issue on Visualisations in Historical Linguistics:Introduction

The advent of ever-larger and more diverse historical corpora for different historical periods and linguistic varieties has led to the impossibility of obtaining simple, direct-and yet balancedrepresentations of the core patterns in the data. In order to draw insights from heterogeneous and complex materials of this type, historical linguists have begun to reach for a growing number of data visualisation techniques, from the statistical, to the cartographical, the network-based and beyond. An exploration of the state of this art was the objective of a workshop at the 2018 International Conference on English Historical Linguistics, from whence most of the materials of this Special Issue are drawn. This brief introductory paper outlines the background and relevance of this line of methodological research and presents a summary of the individual papers that make up the collection

Visualising pre-standard spelling practice:Understanding the interchange of ‹ch(t)› and ‹th(t)› in Older Scots

No abstract available

Селекція in vitro м'якої пшениці на стійкість до Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici

Методом прямої клітинної селекції отримано стійкі до культурального фільтрату Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici калюсні лінії пшениці сорту Зимоярка та індуковано рослини-регенеранти. Вирощено насіннєве покоління R1, лабораторним способом оцінено його стійкість до метаболітів патогену. Виділено форми з підвищеною толерантністю.Методом прямой клеточной селекции получены резистентные к культуральному фильтрату G. graminis var. tritici каллюсные линии пшеницы сорта Зимоярка и индуцированы растениярегенеранты. Получено семенное поколение R1 и проведена его лабораторная оценка на устойчивость к метаболитам патогена. Выделены формы с повышенной толерантностью.By method of direct cellular selection resistant to culture filtrate of G. graminis var. tritici calli lines of bread wheat cultivar Zimoyarka were received, and plants-regenerants were induced. Seed generation R1 was received and its laboratory estimation for resistance to metabolites of pathogen was provided. Forms with the raised tolerance were allocated